Common Market to Single Market The first and central objective of the European Union, originally the European Economic Community was the common market. The expression “internal market” replaced the expression “common ...
General Product Safety The European Communities (General Product Safety) Regulations give effect to Directive 2001/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 December 2001 on general product safety. The ...
Accreditation and market surveillance EU Regulation (EC No 765/2008) sets out requirements for accreditation and market surveillance relating to the marketing of products. The Regulation lays down common rules for ...
Context When the UK joined the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973 it was agreed that the Member States would have exclusive national fishing rights to 12 nautical miles, unless other Member State could prove ...
Acquired Rights The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties safeguards acquired rights to a significant extent. It had been claimed in the run-up to the Brexit referendum that it would safeguard the EU rights of UK ...
Charter of Fundamental Rights The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights is part of the EU Treaties. It took effect in 2009 in the Lisbon Treaty. It has been somewhat controversial. It protects a broader range of human ...
Background The European Union legal order has protected fundamental rights for many years. The Charter on Human Rights was incorporated into the Lisbon Treaty and took effect in December 2009. The Treaty on European ...
EU and ECHR The European Convention on Human Rights is not part of the European Union Treaties. However, from the earlier stages, the European Court of Justice and its successors recognised that the European ...
The Council of Europe The Council of Europe was a precursor of the European Union. It now includes the Russian Federation, the former Yugoslav states, Republic of Macedonia , Ukraine, Bosnia, Georgia, Serbia. The ...
Background Switzerland narrowly rejected EEA membership in 1992. It also rejected EU membership in 1997 and 2001 by large margins. Switzerland’s participation in the EU / EEA internal market has been effected on an ...
EFTA Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Switzerland and UK concluded the EFTA agreement in 1960. Its primary purpose was to liberalise trade in goods without pursuing the political integration objectives of the ...
Product Requirements Free movement of goods implies that products that conform to the applicable EU/EEA rule can circulate freely in the Internal Market. Obstacles to cross-border trade are called technical barriers ...
Article 29 Treaty on European Union Article 29 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) allows the Council of the EU to adopt sanctions against governments of non-EU countries, non-state entities and individuals (such ...
EU Treaty Rights to Establish and Provide Services A key right under European Union (EU) law is the right of a business established in one EU state to establish itself in another state. A business from outside the ...
Authorisation Scheme for Establishment Authorisation schemes and other requirements are permitted in respect of establishment in another EU state. An establishment involves the pursuit of an economic activity for an ...
Permissible Requirements I EU member states must respect the right of service providers in another EU state, to provide services in a member state other than that in which they are established. The member state in ...
The Services Directive European Union law gives businesses established in one European Union country the freedom to provide services in or provide services to another European Union country. Numerous directives and ...
Obligations to Facilitate Service Providers EU states are obliged to simplify administration in relation to the provision of services. States must examine the procedures and formalities applicable to the receipt of ...
Obligations on Providers The provider of a service must provide information in relation to various matters. In some cases, the service provider must provide the service recipient with certain key information in ...
Approach to Qualifications The EU has introduced sector-specific and general qualifications legislation in relation to recognising diplomas, qualifications, and equivalent awards. There are two different approaches ...
Overview A practical issue which arises in exercising the right to establish in another member state is the recognition of qualifications. In 2005 the EU adopted a general Qualifications Directive on the mutual ...
Comparison The Qualifications Directive requires the EU Member States to establish a procedure to examine and recognise professional qualifications. The host state must compare the migrant’s qualifications and ...
Qualifications Card The 2013 amendment to the Qualifications Directive provided for a European Professional Card (EPC) in a view to facilitating temporary mobility of the provision of services in the EU. It is ...
Background In 1948, The British Nationality Act introduced the concept of citizenship of the United Kingdom and the colonies. Citizens of other Commonwealth nations became British subjects or Commonwealth citizens ...
Employment Visas In respect of non-EU nationals, the UK operates a points-based system of work visas. Tier 1 relates to self-employed persons. Tier 2 covers the majority of work-related visas. There is a cap on Tier ...
Tier 1 (Entrepreneur) visa Conditions for the visa: set up or run a business in the UK from outside the European Economic Area (EEA) and Switzerland meet the other eligibility requirements have access to at least ...
Spouses and Partners Non-EEA nationals who seek leave to enter- remain or settle as a family member of a British citizen or settled person may apply for visas on the application of the British or settled person ...
Immigration law in the United Kingdom Immigration law in the United Kingdom is organised on a UK wide basis. There is a common travel area between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, which is recognised ...
Irish Free State The Free State Constitution declared that every person domiciled in the Irish Free State upon the coming into operation of the (1922) Constitution who was born in Ireland or either of whose parents ...
EU Free Movement of Persons The European Union Treaty provides that the free movement of workers is a fundamental freedom. There is a directly enforceable right to come to another member state to exercise an economic ...
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