Brexit & Aviation
UK & Aviation The EU’s common aviation area ECAA provides a single aviation market. It allows registered airlines who were based in one state to operate on a cabotage basis within other states. A domestic ...
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Brexit & Other Transport
EU Transport Policies The EU shares competence in transport with the member states. The EU’s powers and competences are defined by the Treaty. As in other areas, there is a certain extent to which once the EU ...
Financial Architecture
Supervisory Authorities Three European supervisory authorities (ESAs) were formed as part of the European Union banking reforms following the financial crisis. The ESAs are part of the ESFS (European System of ...
Financial Instruments
Financial Collateral A Directive on financial collateral seeks to reduce credit risk in collateral financial transactions between financial institutions. The purpose is to provide for the rapid and informal ...
Banking
Regulation of Credit Institutions Credit institutions authorised in one EU state may provide services in other EU states. An institution established in one state which wishes to establish a branch in another state ...
EU UCIT Funds
UCITS UCITS are undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities. UCITS are usually undertakings with the sole object of collective investment in transferable securities or other liquid financial ...
Insurance
Regulation The European Union has legislated in relation to insurance services. As part of the freedom of movement of capital and freedom to provide services, there is legislation setting down common principles of ...
Consumer Credit
Consumer Credit Directive EU states must ensure persons offering credit obtain authorisation. They must be regulated and inspected; Bodies must be established to provide information and advice to consumers in ...
Payments
Payments Market Framework An EU directive aims to establish a framework for the creation of an integrated payments market. It covers payment service providers established in the EU. It covers payments in euro and ...
EEIG & European Companies
EEIG Requirements A European regulation provides for the establishment of European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG). The purpose of an EEIG is to facilitate and develop economic activities of members by pooling of ...
Accounts & Audit
Requirements of Accounts The fourth company Directive deals with the annual accounts of limited companies. The annual accounts are to comprise a balance sheet, profit and loss account, and notes to the accounts. The ...
Ship Standards
Standards I An EU Directive provides a legal framework for prescribing harmonised safety rules and standards for passenger ships. The Directive applies to both passenger ships and crafts engaging on domestic ...
Seafarers
Seafarers Competence There is an EU directive on the minimum level of training for seafarers. The minimum standards are set by the International Maritime Organisation convention on training standards as revised from ...
Ship and Port Safety
European Maritime Safety Agency The European maritime safety agency was established by regulation in 2002. The purpose of the agency is to provide states and Commissions with technical and scientific assistance to ...
Rail Transport
Competitive Networks for Freight A 2010 regulation seeks to create a Competitive European Rail Network for Freight. It established rules for the creation and organisation of international rail corridors for ...
Air Transport Licensing
International Air Service Agreements An EU regulation provides for the negotiation and implementation of air service agreements between the member states and third countries. The regulation provides principles ...
Airports
Slots EU regulation provides common rules on allocation of slots at EU airport. The purpose is to ensure an equitable and non-discriminatory equitable and transparent method of allocation where there is scarcity in ...
Aviation Security
Security An EU regulation provides common rules for security in civil aviation. The rules apply to all airports located in the EU other than those exclusively used for military purposes. They apply to all operators ...
Road Transport (Passenger)
Coach and Bus Services There are common EU rules for access to the international market for coach and bus services. Where the carriage takes place between EU and non-EU state, the regulation applies to the part of ...
Road Transport (Goods)
Authorisation There are common rules for access to the market in the international carriage of goods by road within the EU. International carriage is undertaken subject to possession of a Community licence. A ...