Life Sciences
Description of sector This Sectoral Report reflects 3 of the 58 listed sectors; ‘Pharmaceuticals’, ‘MedicalDevices’ and ‘Life Sciences’. Life Sciences refers to the application of biology and technology to health ...
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Maritime and Ports
Description of sector As an island nation, the UK has been dependent on the sea for its trade and defence throughout history, and strong traditions of merchant seafaring can be traced back hundreds of years. The UK ...
Medical and Social Care
Description of the sector The market provision of medical services includes the following three sub sectors: a. The ophthalmology sub-sector, which combines provision of medical services and retail alongside ...
Nuclear
Description of Sector The UK has been a member of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) since joining the European Common Market in 1973. On 29 March 2017 the Prime Minister notified the European Commission ...
Oil Fuels
The Current EU Regulatory regime International rules and standards The International Energy Agency (IEA) works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries which include most EU ...
Postal Sector
The current EU regulatory regime EU Postal Services legislation stipulates that basic postal user needs are met under a Universal Service Obligation (USO) which sets minimum standards to be guaranteed by Member ...
Rail
The current EU regulatory regime A range of EU directives and regulations apply to the rail sector; in particular, the four ‘Railway Packages’ of EU legislation, the latest of which – the 4th Railway Package – is ...
Retail
Description of sector Unless otherwise stated, retail in this context is defined as sales by retailers directly to end consumers, including spending on goods (in-store and online).This analysis does not cover the ...
Retail and Corporate Banking
Retail and Corporate Banking Sector For the purpose of this analysis, banking is split into three functions: – Retail banking – individual/consumer deposit taking and lending; – Business/Corporate banking ...
Summary
Summary Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union provides for an EU Member State to leave the EU with or without a withdrawal agreement or ‘deal’. The EU and UK aimed to reach agreement by October 2018 on the UK’s ...
How Could No Deal Happen
Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) provides for an EU Member State to leave the EU with or without a withdrawal agreement – or ‘deal’ – within a two-year timeframe starting from the formal ...
Preparations for No Deal
2.1 UK Government preparations The return of “no deal is better than a bad deal” In her Lancaster House speech in January 2017 the Prime Minister, Theresa May, was “clear that no deal for Britain is better than a bad ...
Constitutional Implications in UK
3.1 Parliament’s role in the absence of a deal The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 (EUWA) set out a process to give Parliament a say in the event that the Government either does not reach an exit deal with the ...
Governance
The European Union involves complex governance processes, as set out below. In the event of no deal, the UK will be outside those processes and there will be no agreement on how future relations between the UK and ...
Economic Impact
Economic impact The economic impact of the UK leaving the EU with no deal – without a withdrawal agreement, transition period, framework for a future trade deal or ‘mini-deals’ in certain areas – is difficult to ...
Trade
Trade The UK is currently party to over a thousand international agreements with third countries as a member of the EU. These cover trade, regulatory and policy co-operation in a range of areas, including fisheries, ...
Customs
7.1 Increased customs controls The effects of ‘no deal’ are expected to be most tangible at the UK border. At the moment of leaving the EU customs union without a deal, the border between the UK and the EU would ...
Northern Ireland and Irish Border
Northern Ireland and the Irish border Many of the possible effects of ‘no deal’ on the Irish border and trade with Ireland are the same as those that would arise from UK – EU trade in general and at other ...
Free Movement and Personal Issues
Free movement of people, healthcare, social security and pensions A significant number of ‘citizens’ rights’ will be affected by Brexit. The primary one is the free movement of persons’ rights, whereby currently any ...
Food and Farming
10.1 Overview The National Farmers’ Union (NFU) has said that a no deal outcome is the “worst possible one” for the farming industry.392 The Food and Drink Federation (FDF) has called no deal a “grisly prospect”.393 ...
Fisheries
Fisheries Following Brexit, the UK will no longer be part of the EU Commons Fisheries Policy (CFP). It will become an independent coastal state and will be fully responsible for managing fisheries in the UK’s ...
Fisheries
Fisheries Following Brexit, the UK will no longer be part of the EU Commons Fisheries Policy (CFP). It will become an independent coastal state and will be fully responsible for managing fisheries in the UK’s ...
Energy
Energy Although Member States remain ultimately responsible for the energy supply to their citizens and for deciding on the most appropriate energy mix, the UK and EU energy sectors are integrated through trade, EU ...
Transport
Transport Much of the uncertainty around a no-deal Brexit and transport relates to the impact it may have on the continuity of air travel and on road haulage and delays at UK ports. The Government believes a no-deal ...
Higher Education Science & Research
Access to research funding and Erasmus+ Research funding The UK currently does disproportionately well in securing EU research funding and UK Universities are the top performers in receiving EU funds based on ...
Higher Education Science & Research
Access to research funding and Erasmus+ Research funding The UK currently does disproportionately well in securing EU research funding and UK Universities are the top performers in receiving EU funds based on ...
Internal Security
Internal security The UK currently participates in approximately 40 EU measures that aim to support and enhance internal security and police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Measures identified as being ...
External Relations
16.1 EFTA separation agreements On 20 December 2018, the Government announced it had reached agreement with the three EFTA EEA countries to address separation issues following Brexit, including protecting the rights ...
External Relations
16.1 EFTA separation agreements On 20 December 2018, the Government announced it had reached agreement with the three EFTA EEA countries to address separation issues following Brexit, including protecting the rights ...
No Deal Planning in EU 27
Austria The Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz said in 2018 he would rather extend negotiations than surrender to a hard Brexit if a deal on the Irish border was not agreed.697 According to Bloomberg (19 July 2018), ...