Various Services

Tourism, education and health-related travel services UK trade in tourism, education and health-related travel services 241.Of the sectors covered by this inquiry, only trade in travel services falls under WTO (GATS) ...

Professional Business Services

Professional business services Business services are the UK’s largest services export, accounting for 44% of all the UK’s trade in non-financial services. After financial services, they also provide the UK with its ...

Non-Financial Services II

Frameworks for trading non-financial services 38.Unlike trade in goods, trade in services is rarely directly affected by tariffs (the duties imposed on goods entering a country), but can be significantly affected by ...

Non-Financial Services

UK trade in non-financial services 15.The UK is a leading exporter of services globally, second only to the US.11 Services account for 44% of the UK’s total global exports, and the majority of services exports are in ...

Air Services

Air services Air services in the UK 202.Air services are a key part of what the ONS defines as ‘transportation services’, namely services associated with the international movement of goods (forexample, freight ...

Digital Services

Digital services Digital services in the UK 126.The ONS measures trade in telecommunication, computer and information services, which includes trade in “computer, news agency and other information provision related ...

Creative

Creative services in the UK 164.The ONS collects data on two categories of creative services trade. The first is ‘intellectual property’—payments received for the use of trademarks, design rights, and copyrighted ...

Broadcasting

Description of sector The broadcasting sector covers the production of audiovisual or audio (radio) content and its distribution, which is subject to the framework of regulation overseen by Ofcom (or, for TV stations ...

Automotive

Description of Sector All major global vehicle manufacturers with plants in the UK are foreign owned. In general, the business model for volume vehicle producers is to use UK sites to supply the European market (with ...

Agriculture and Food

Manufacturing (including Catering, Retail and Wholesale) Sector Coverage 4. This paper covers market access and trade issues around forestry, retail, agricultural, animal and plant health, food and drink ...

Environmental Services

Description of sector The water and waste sectors provide essential infrastructure and services to homes and businesses in the UK. The Current EU Regulatory Regime Summary European legislation plays a greater role in ...

Aviation

The current EU regulatory regime The EU aviation acquis establishes the rules which the UK has signed up to as a member of the EU internal aviation market. EU aviation rules govern three key areasand detail on these ...

Electricity and Renewables

The current EU regulatory regime Main Sector-Specific Rules Governing the Provision of this Activity in the EU The IEM provides a technical framework for the transmission, distribution and efficient trading of ...

Fisheries

The Common Fisheries Policy UK fisheries are managed under the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). This provides for: – Shared access for EU vessels to all Member States’ waters, meaning other Member State ...

Gas

Description of sector This paper covers the wholesale gas market, the gas transmission and distribution networks and the retail market. The current EU regulatory regime Main sector-specific rules governing the ...

Insurance and Pensions

Description of sector Insurance business operates by firms writing insurance policies for clients,intermediated by brokers (which may include retail brokers and wholesale brokers and London Market brokers). Insurance ...

Higher Education

The current EU regulatory regime The EU has very limited competence in the area of education policy; in particular, the provision and regulation of the HE sector (including access to student finance) is a matter for ...

Fintech

Description of the sector Financial Technology, or “FinTech” is not a sub-sector of financial services in the traditional sense of describing a particular activity or business model within the wider financial ...

Parts and Machinery

Electronics and Machinery Sector Report This report covers both the Parts and Machinery sector and the Electronics and Electrical Sector. As defined these sectors combined contribute c. £28bn to UK GVA Parts and ...

Gambling

Description of sector In the Gambling Act 2005, gambling is defined as betting, gaming or participating in a lottery. The commercial gambling sector includes betting, arcades, casinos and bingo both land-based and ...

Life Sciences

Description of sector This Sectoral Report reflects 3 of the 58 listed sectors; ‘Pharmaceuticals’, ‘MedicalDevices’ and ‘Life Sciences’. Life Sciences refers to the application of biology and technology to health ...

Maritime and Ports

Description of sector As an island nation, the UK has been dependent on the sea for its trade and defence throughout history, and strong traditions of merchant seafaring can be traced back hundreds of years. The UK ...

Medical and Social Care

Description of the sector The market provision of medical services includes the following three sub sectors: a. The ophthalmology sub-sector, which combines provision of medical services and retail alongside ...

Nuclear

Description of Sector The UK has been a member of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) since joining the European Common Market in 1973. On 29 March 2017 the Prime Minister notified the European Commission ...

Oil Fuels

  The Current EU Regulatory regime International rules and standards The International Energy Agency (IEA) works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries which include most EU ...

Postal Sector

The current EU regulatory regime EU Postal Services legislation stipulates that basic postal user needs are met under a Universal Service Obligation (USO) which sets minimum standards to be guaranteed by Member ...

Rail

The current EU regulatory regime A range of EU directives and regulations apply to the rail sector; in particular, the four ‘Railway Packages’ of EU legislation, the latest of which – the 4th Railway Package – is ...

Retail

Description of sector Unless otherwise stated, retail in this context is defined as sales by retailers directly to end consumers, including spending on goods (in-store and online).This analysis does not cover the ...

Retail and Corporate Banking

Retail and Corporate Banking Sector For the purpose of this analysis, banking is split into three functions: – Retail banking – individual/consumer deposit taking and lending; – Business/Corporate banking ...
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