Maritime and Ports
Description of sector As an island nation, the UK has been dependent on the sea for its trade and defence throughout history, and strong traditions of merchant seafaring can be traced back hundreds of years. The UK ...
Category Archives: Sectoral Issues
Sub-categories
Agriculture & Food (103)
Communications (23)
Education (30)
Energy (44)
Fisheries (18)
Health (54)
Road Transport (22)
Sectoral Impact Reports (35)
Transport (74)
Medical and Social Care
Description of the sector The market provision of medical services includes the following three sub sectors: a. The ophthalmology sub-sector, which combines provision of medical services and retail alongside ...
Nuclear
Description of Sector The UK has been a member of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) since joining the European Common Market in 1973. On 29 March 2017 the Prime Minister notified the European Commission ...
Oil Fuels
The Current EU Regulatory regime International rules and standards The International Energy Agency (IEA) works to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries which include most EU ...
Postal Sector
The current EU regulatory regime EU Postal Services legislation stipulates that basic postal user needs are met under a Universal Service Obligation (USO) which sets minimum standards to be guaranteed by Member ...
Rail
The current EU regulatory regime A range of EU directives and regulations apply to the rail sector; in particular, the four ‘Railway Packages’ of EU legislation, the latest of which – the 4th Railway Package – is ...
Retail
Description of sector Unless otherwise stated, retail in this context is defined as sales by retailers directly to end consumers, including spending on goods (in-store and online).This analysis does not cover the ...
Retail and Corporate Banking
Retail and Corporate Banking Sector For the purpose of this analysis, banking is split into three functions: – Retail banking – individual/consumer deposit taking and lending; – Business/Corporate banking ...
Brexit & Energy
EU Energy Competence The EU’s competence in the area of energy includes energy policy, the functioning of energy markets, security of supply, energy efficiency and promoting interconnection. The EU competence ...
Electricity Market
Market in Energy The directive on the internal market in electricity establishes common rules for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. It sets rules relating to the organization and ...
All-Ireland Energy Market
Single Energy Market The All-Ireland single electricity market is the wholesale electricity market for the island of Ireland. It is regulated jointly by the Commission for Regulation of Utilities in the Republic of ...
Gas Market
Harmonised Market The European Union has made directives with a view to harmonizing the internal markets for natural gas, electricity, and equivalent utilities. The purpose of the legislation is to provide for the ...
Energy Efficiency
General Targets An EU Directive seeks to achieve the Union’s energy efficiency target of 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond that date. It ...
Energy Information
Household Appliances The EU has made legislation in relation to the publication of information on energy consumption by household appliances. This enables consumers to choose appliances based on energy efficiency. ...
European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development
Support for Rural Development This regulation: sets out how the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) aims to develop the agricultural sector over the 2014-2020 period to be more geographically and ...
Direct EU Payments to farmers
CAP Direct Payments It sets out the rules for direct payments made to support farmers under the EU’s common agricultural policy (CAP). These payments are made on the condition that farmers meet strict rules on the ...
Agricultural Products Duties & Refunds
Trade Arrangements An EU Regulation on Trade arrangements for processed agricultural products establishes the trade regime for non-agricultural food and drink items made from agricultural products. They are ...
Brexit & Aviation
UK & Aviation The EU’s common aviation area ECAA provides a single aviation market. It allows registered airlines who were based in one state to operate on a cabotage basis within other states. A domestic ...
Brexit & Other Transport
EU Transport Policies The EU shares competence in transport with the member states. The EU’s powers and competences are defined by the Treaty. As in other areas, there is a certain extent to which once the EU ...
Shipping Services
Market in Sea Transport An EU regulation provides freedom to supply services, competition and free access to the market in sea transport. A separate directive deals with the freedom to provide services in sea ...
Ship Standards
Standards I An EU Directive provides a legal framework for prescribing harmonised safety rules and standards for passenger ships. The Directive applies to both passenger ships and crafts engaging on domestic ...
Seafarers
Seafarers Competence There is an EU directive on the minimum level of training for seafarers. The minimum standards are set by the International Maritime Organisation convention on training standards as revised from ...
Ship and Port Safety
European Maritime Safety Agency The European maritime safety agency was established by regulation in 2002. The purpose of the agency is to provide states and Commissions with technical and scientific assistance to ...
Ship Reporting and Security
Security of Ships and Ports An EU Regulation provides for measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities from unlawful acts. The regulation provides for harmonised EU action to monitor enhanced ...
Rail Transport
Competitive Networks for Freight A 2010 regulation seeks to create a Competitive European Rail Network for Freight. It established rules for the creation and organisation of international rail corridors for ...
Air Transport Licensing
International Air Service Agreements An EU regulation provides for the negotiation and implementation of air service agreements between the member states and third countries. The regulation provides principles ...
Airports
Slots EU regulation provides common rules on allocation of slots at EU airport. The purpose is to ensure an equitable and non-discriminatory equitable and transparent method of allocation where there is scarcity in ...
Aviation Passenger Rights
Liability of Carriers I An EU regulation provides for harmonised obligations for EU air carriers in relation to liability in the event of accidents to passengers. It applies to death, personal injury arising from ...
Aviation Security
Security An EU regulation provides common rules for security in civil aviation. The rules apply to all airports located in the EU other than those exclusively used for military purposes. They apply to all operators ...
Road Transport (Passenger)
Coach and Bus Services There are common EU rules for access to the international market for coach and bus services. Where the carriage takes place between EU and non-EU state, the regulation applies to the part of ...