Enforcing EU Law Against States

in EU Law
Damages and legal action A member state is liable in damages to individuals who suffer loss as a consequence of its infringement of European Community laws.  It must pay compensation in accordance with its domestic ...

Principles of EU Law

in EU Law
General Principles of EU Law General principles of European law are unwritten rules used and applied in the interpretation of European Union law.  They involve principles of justice and principles designed to protect ...

EU Laws

in EU Law
Treaties The European Union treatises are the constitution of the European Union and set out its powers and functions.  They are the primary source of law.  The Union must only act in accordance with the competences ...

Legal Action Against EU

in EU Law
Challenging Legality The EU treaty provides that the parties may claim in proceedings before the European courts that measures are invalid under the treaty for the reasons set out. The grounds for invalidity are as ...

Effect of EU Law

in EU Law
Overview Community law becomes part of national law through a number of mechanisms. In some legal systems, international treaties can become part of domestic law through a process of ratification.  In other states, ...

Ensuring Harmonious Application

in EU Law
Preliminary Reference The Court of Justice has jurisdiction to give preliminary rulings on points of European Union law.  This covers matters of interpretation of the Treaties, EU legislation and measures by its ...

EU Study EU Law Jurisdiction

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EU Regulations UK Parliament Report

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Atypical Acts

in EU Law
Unilateral acts Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Article 289 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union They describe the main unilateral acts of the European Union ...

International Agreements

in EU Law
International conventions and agreements of the EU SUMMARY OF: Article 216 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Article 207 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union They are treaties ...

Secondary Legislation

in EU Law
Secondary legislation SUMMARY OF: Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) The Lisbon Treaty revised the classification of EU legal acts. In the interests of simplification, it ...

Non-Written Sources

in EU Law
The non-written sources of European law: supplementary law Article 19 Treaty on European Union Article 19 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) describes the role and composition of the Court of Justice of the ...

Flexible Decision Makings

in EU Law
Flexibility in EU decision-making: passerelle clauses, brake clauses and accelerator clauses Article 48 of the Treaty on European Union INTRODUCTION The Treaty of Lisbon extends the ordinary legislative procedure and ...

EU Opinions

in EU Law
European Union opinions Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) Article 288 of the TFEU lists the 5 different types of legal acts EU institutions can adopt. These are: regulations, ...

EU Decisions

in EU Law
European Union decisions To exercise the EU’s competence, EU institutions may adopt 5 types of legal acts. A decision is a binding legal act which may either be of general application or may have a specific ...

Enforcing EU Law

in EU Law
Enforcement of EU law Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) It states that to exercise the EU’s competences, the EU institutions must adopt regulations, directives, decisions, ...

Effect of EU Law

in EU Law
Precedence of European law According to the precedence principle, European law is superior to the national laws of Member States. The precedence principle applies to all European acts with a binding force. Therefore, ...

EU Official Publications

in EU Law
Publications Office Decision 2009/496/EC, Euratom — the organisation and operation of the Publications Office of the European Union It sets out the role, responsibilities, tasks and organisational structure of the ...

EU Law Identifiers

in EU Law
European Legislation Identifier (ELI) Council conclusions inviting the introduction of the European Legislation Identifier (ELI) Legislation is widely available online and accessible in various digital formats. ...

Access to EU Law

in EU Law
Accessibility of public sector websites and mobile apps Directive (EU) 2016/2102 on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies It aims to make public sector websites and mobile ...

Better Law Making

in EU Law
Better Law-Making — Agreement between EU institutions Interinstitutional Agreement between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission on Better Law-Making It aims to ...
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